Cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection and/or different vaccination regimens.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination according to the type of vaccine, number of doses and combination of vaccines. Methods: Volunteer subjects were sampled between September 2021 and July 2022 in Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid (Spain). Participants had different immunological status against SARS-CoV-2: vaccinated and unvaccinated, with or without previous COVID-19 infection, including healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Determination of IgG against the spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) was performed by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) using the Architect i10000sr platform (Abbott). The SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were assessed by quantification of interferon gamma release using QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay (Qiagen). Results: A total of 181 samples were collected, 170 were from vaccinated individuals and 11 from unvaccinated. Among the participants, 41 were aware of having previously been infected by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated people received one or two doses of the following vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: ChAdOx1-S (University of Oxford-AstraZeneca) (AZ) and/orBNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)(PZ). Subjects immunized with a third-booster dose received PZ or mRNA-1273 (Moderna-NIAID)(MD) vaccines. All vaccinees developed a positive humoral response (>7.1 BAU/ml), but the cellular response varied depending on the vaccination regimen. Only AZ/PZ combination and 3 doses of vaccination elicited a positive cellular response (median concentration of IFN- γ > 0.3 IU/ml). Regarding a two-dose vaccination regimen, AZ/PZ combination induced the highest humoral and cellular immunity. A booster with mRNA vaccine resulted in increases in median levels of IgG-Spike antibodies and IFN-γ as compared to those of two-dose of any vaccine. Humoral and cellular immunity levels were significantly higher in participants with previous infection compared to those without infection. Conclusion: Heterologous vaccination (AZ/PZ) elicited the strongest immunity among the two-dose vaccination regimens. The immunity offered by the third-booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine depends not only on the type of vaccine administered but also on previous doses and prior infection. Previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens by infection strongly affect immunity of vaccinated individuals.

Compresión esofágica por estructura vascular mediastínica como causa de disfagia lusoria / No disponible

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Esophageal compression by a mediastinal vascular structure as a result of a dysphagia lusoria.

Dysphagia lusoria is an uncommon cause of mechanical dysphagia due to extrinsic compression. It is a congenital aortic root abnormality that occurs as a consequence of an aberrant right subclavian artery, in most cases. We report an illustrative case of dysphagia lusoria in a young female, secondary to the presence of the abnormal mediastinal vessel.

Effect of olive-derived antioxidants (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol) on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram sperm stored at 15°C or 5°C.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two olive oil-derived antioxidants, hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, HT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), on ovine semen during liquid storage at 5°C and 15°C. Semen was collected, pooled, diluted and then divided into aliquots supplemented with different concentrations (5 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml) of HT, DHPG and a mixture (MIX) of both antioxidants. Sperm motility characteristics were assessed in the different samples at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after cooling, and a fertility trial was also conducted. The results showed that the antioxidant addition did not significantly improve total and progressive motility in ovine cooled sperm maintained at 15° or 5°C. However, in samples stored at 5°C, LIN (48, 72, 96 hr), STR (0 hr) and WOB (0, 48, 72, 96 hr) values significantly decreased in comparison with control treatment when high antioxidant concentrations were added (MIX100 or HT100). When samples were maintained at 15°C, MIX50 showed significantly higher VCL values than the control treatment after 6 hr cooling, and MIX100 showed significantly lower VCL values at 96 hr after cooling. According to the artificial insemination trial, no significant differences were observed when antioxidants were added. In conclusion, the use of HT and DHPG showed small impact in sperm motility and fertility was not affected (nor detrimentally nor positively) when insemination was carried out using antioxidant-supplemented liquid sperm.

Effect of three commercial extenders on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram semen stored at 15 °C or 5 °C.

The effect of different extenders on sperm motility and fertility was evaluated during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 °C and 15 °C. The semen was collected, pooled and diluted in three commercial extenders: Inra 96® (INRA) based on skimmed milk, Biladyl® A fraction (BIL) based on egg yolk, and Ovixcell® (OVIX) based on soybean lecithin. Then, sperm motility was evaluated at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In order to evaluate fertility, samples stored at 15 °C were used after dilution in INRA and OVIX. Results showed that progressive motility was significantly higher up to 72 h of storage in sperm samples maintained at 5 °C in comparison with 15 °C, similarly for each tested diluent. When samples were stored at 5 °C in OVIX, kinematic parameters such as velocity (except curvilinear velocity, VCL), trajectory [linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB)], amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat/cross frequency (BCF) were higher than in INRA and BIL. No significant differences in pregnancy rate were detected between INRA (62.6%) and OVIX (58.9%). In conclusion, liquid storage at 5 °C with OVIX extender is an interesting option since non-animal components are used, and this extender offers similar in vitro and in vivo efficacy as other extenders containing animal components.

Deciphering the Patterns of Genetic Admixture and Diversity in the Ecuadorian Creole Chicken.

Latin American Creole chickens are generally not characterized; this is the case in Ecuador, where the lack of scientific information is contributing to their extinction. Here, we developed a characterization of the genetic resources of Ecuadorian chickens located in three continental agroecosystems (Pacific coastal, Andean, and Amazonian). Blood samples of 234 unrelated animals were collected in six provinces across Ecuador: Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Guayas, Morona Santiago, and Tungurahua, in order to perform a genetic characterization and population structure assessment using the AVIANDIV project microsatellites panel (30 loci) and D-loop sequences of mitochondrial DNA and comparing with reference data from other breeds or genetic lines. The results indicate that Ecuadorian Creole chickens are the result of the admixture of different genetic groups that occurred during the last five centuries. While the influence of South Spanish breeds is demonstrated in the colonial age, genetic relationships with other breeds (Leghorn, Spanish fighter cock) cannot be discarded. The geographical configuration of the country and extreme climate variability have influenced the genetic isolation of groups constituting a homogeneous genetic status into the whole population. This is not only a source of genetic variation, but also a critical point because genetic drift produces a loss of genetic variants.

Measuring and modeling for the assessment of the genetic background behind cognitive processes in donkeys.

New productive niches can offer new commercial perspectives linked to donkeys' products and human therapeutic or leisure applications. However, no assessment for selection criteria has been carried out yet. First, we assessed the animal inherent features and environmental factors that may potentially influence several cognitive processes in donkeys. Then, we aimed at describing a practical methodology to quantify such cognitive processes, seeking their inclusion in breeding and conservation programmes, through a multifactorial linear model. Sixteen cognitive process-related traits were scored on a problem-solving test in a sample of 300 Andalusian donkeys for three consecutive years from 2013 to 2015. The linear model assessed the influence and interactions of four environmental factors, sex as an animal-inherent factor, age as a covariable, and the interactions between these factors. Analyses of variance were performed with GLM procedure of SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 software to assess the relative importance of each factor. All traits were significantly (P<0.05) affected by all factors in the model except for sex that was not significant for some of the cognitive processes, and stimulus which was not significant (P<0.05) for all of them except for the coping style related ones. The interaction between all factors within the model was non-significant (P<0.05) for almost all cognitive processes. The development of complex multifactorial models to study cognitive processes may counteract the inherent variability in behavior genetics and the estimation and prediction of related breeding parameters, key for the implementation of successful conservation programmes in apparently functionally misplaced endangered breeds.

Prueba de la tuberculina en paciente con psoriasis / Tuberculin skin test in a patient with psoriasis

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2-octyl cyanoacrylate versus reintervention for closure of urethrocutaneous fistulae after urethroplasty for hypospadias: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Urethrocutaneous fistulae (UCFs) represent one of the most frequent causes of morbidity after urethroplasty. Hypospadias can be repaired using different surgical techniques, but-regardless of technique-the incidence of UCF ranges between 10% and 40%. Surgical repair of UCF remains the treatment of choice, even if some patients need further surgery because of recurrences. Cyanoacrylates have been used as skin suture substitutes, and some evidence suggests a beneficial effect when these adhesives are used as an adjuvant in the management of UCF. Here we describe the results of management of UCF using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OCA) compared with surgical repair. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial conducted from January 2008 to December 2012 included 42 children with UCF complications after urethroplasty for hypospadias. Twenty-one children were assigned to receive OCA as ambulatory patients and 21 were treated surgically. The main outcome variable was closure of the UCF. The estimated costs of both treatments were also calculated, as were absolute risk reduction (ARR), relative risk reduction (RRR) and number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a surgical intervention. RESULTS: The mean numbers of UCF were 1.3 in the OCA group (n = 28) and 1.1 in the surgical group (n = 25) with no statistically significant difference. The external orifices measured were 2.96 ± 1.0 mm and 3.8 ± 0.89 mm, respectively (NS). Sixty per cent of the UCFs treated with cyanoacrylate were completely closed and 68% of the surgical group healed completely (NS). More than one reoperation to improve complications was needed in the surgical group (3.5 ± 1.2). The clinical significance of the therapeutic usefulness of OCA was demonstrated by an ARR of 0.08, RRR of 0.25 and NNT of 12 to avoid further surgical treatment. The total costs of adhesive applications and reoperations were $US 14,809.00 and $US 158,538.50, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a similar success rate for both treatments. However, sealant use should be considered before surgical treatment because this is a simple outpatient procedure with a reasonable success rate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02115191. Date: April 13, 2014.

Infección por Yokenella regensburgei en una úlcera venosa perimaleolar / Yokenella regensburgei infection in a perimalleolar ulcer

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Alojamientos protegidos para enfermos mentales crónicos (1): perfil epidemiológico, síntomas, calidad de vida y autoestima en dos muestras de sujetos / Protected Housing for Chronic Mental Patients (1): Epidemiological profile. Symptoms, Quality of life and Self-esteem in two samples

En este estudio se comparan los síntomas psicopatológicos, la calidad de vida y la autoestima de dos muestras de pacientes mentales crónicos, unos que residen en alojamientos protegidos y otros en espera de hacerlo. También se precisa el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes. Este tipo de alojamientos se presentan desde hace algunas décadas como la alternativa a los hospitales psiquiátricos tradicionales, que funcionaban en la práctica como recursos residenciales. Su utilidad ha sido considerada desde diferentes puntos de vista, a nivel clínico, asistencial, funcional y económico. A diferencia de los hallazgos de otros estudios, en el nuestro no se aprecia una mejor calidad de vida de los pacientes que viven en dichos alojamientos frente a los que no lo hacen. Tampoco están mejor psicopatológicamente ni tienen mayor autoestima. Se sugieren algunas modificaciones metodológicas en el diseño de futuros estudios que permitan controlar ciertas variables que pueden influir en los resultados (AU)

In this study the psychopathology symptoms, the quality of life and the self-esteem of two samples of patient mental chronic are compared, some housed in protected lodgings and others while waiting for making it. lt is also described the epidemic profile of the patients. This type of lodgings is presented for some decades like the alternative to the traditional psychiatric hospitals that worked in the practice as residential resources. Their utility has been considered from different points of view, at clinical, assistance, functional and economic level. Contrary to other discoveries, in our study a better quality of the patients' life is not appreciated that live in this lodgings in front of those that don't make it. Neither they are better psychopathologically neither they have bigger self-esteem. Methodological modifications are suggested in the design to control certain variables that can jnfluence in the results (AU)

Alojamientos protegidos para enfermos mentales crónicos (2): satisfacción de residentes y monitores / Protected Housing for Chronic Mental Patients (2): Satisfaction of residents and monitors

Se estudia la satisfacción de los pacientes mentales alojados en pisos protegidos y casas-hogares de la ciudad de Sevilla (España) con su estancia en los mismos; y las mejoras percibidas en su vida en diversas áreas desde que viven en dichos recursos. Así mismo, se estudia la satisfacción de los monitores que atienden a los pacientes de los alojamientos protegidos con la atención recibida respecto a su trabajo por los servicios sanitarios de salud mental y diversos recursos sociales. Se valoran distintas dimensiones de esta atención. Se usan encuestas elaboradas para el propósito específico de este estudio. En general, los pacientes están satisfechos con su estancia en los alojamientos protegidos y perciben que su vida ha mejorado desde que están viviendo en los mismos. Los monitores están más satisfechos con la atención recibida por la Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental del Área Hospitalaria "Virgen del Rocío" y la Asociación de Allegados de Enfermos Esquizofrénicos (ASAENES) (AU)

The satisfaccion of the mental patients is studied housed in protected flats and group homes of the city of Seville (Spain) with its stay in the same ones; and the improvement perceived in their life in diverse areas since the live in theses resources. Likewise, the satisfaction of the monitors is studied that asssist the mental patients of the lodgings protected with the attention received regarding its work by the sanitary services of health mental and diverse social resources. Different dimensions of this attention are valued. Surveys are used elaborated for the specific purpose of this study. In general, tha patients are satisfied with their stay in the protected lodgings and they perceive that their life has improved since they are living in the same ones. The monitors are more satisfied with the attention received by the Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental del Área Hospitalaria "Virgen del Rocío" and the Asociación de Allegados de Enfermos Esquizofrénicos (ASAENES) (AU)

Evaluación de una Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental realizada por pacientes con trastorno esquizofrénico / Assessment of a Mental Health Rehabilitation Unit through ratings made by Patients with Schizophrenic Disorders

En el presente estudio se aplicó un cuestionario a 74 personas con esquizofrenia. Con el objetivo de conocer su percepción y satisfacción sobre los siguientes aspectos: eficacia del tratamiento, recursos humanos e infraestructura del servicio, calidad de la relación y apoyo recibido. En las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre la utilidad de este tipo de estudios y se destaca la importancia de la opinión de los usuarios de nuestros servicios como elemento de evaluación de la calidad de los mismos y como elemento complementario en la valoración de la efectividad de los tratamientos administrados (AU)

This study consists of the administration of a questionnaire to 74 schizophrenic patients. The purpose of this work was to determine their perception and satisfaction with the following aspects: treatment efficacy, human and material resources of the unit, quality of personal relationship and support provided. In our conclusions we reflect upon the utility of this type of studies. We highlight the importance of the opinion of people who use these services for the assessment of the quality of mental health services and as a complementary element in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the prescribed treatments (AU)

Valvas de uretra anterior: causas de obstrucción infravesical / Anterior urethral valves as a cause of infravesical obstruction

Las valvas de uretra anterior como causa de obstrucción infravesical congénita son poco frecuentes en niños, pues se informan 47 casos en la literatura. En éste informe se presentan forma de aparición, evaluación sistemática, conductas terapéuticas y resultados obtenidos. El uso de vesicostomía en el periodo neonatal previene las potenciales complicaciones con el uso de eletrofulguración transuretral que pueden ocurrir por el tamaño pequeño de la uretra. Así mismo, se ofrece la clasificación de las valvas de uretra anterior de conformidad con los hallazgos radiográficos

Duplicación completa de vejiga, uretra, genitales externos, íleon, colon y anorrecto: informe de un caso / Full duplication of bladder, urethra, external genitalia, ileum, colon and anorectum: report of a case

Informamos de un caso raro de duplicación completa de vejiga urinaria, uretra, genitales externos y aparato gastrointestinal bajo, con malformación anorrectal alta y amplia separación de la sínfisis del pubis. Se analiza el tratamiento quirúrgico y se hace un revisión de la literatura

Repercusiones urológicas de la malformación anorrectal alta / Urological repercussions of high anorectal anomaly

Se revisaron los casos de 64 pacientes con diagnóstico de malformación anorrectal alta con el fin de identifiar la incidencia y los tipos de malformaciones urológicas que acompañan, así como su diagnóstico y tratamiento, ademas de las repercusiones en el curso clínico de los mismos. Se encontró que 42 por ciento presentaban una o más de estas malformaciones, y que destacaban el reflujo vesicoureteral (55 por ciento), la vejiga neurogénica (25.9 por ciento) y la agenesia renal (18.5 por ciento). El diagnóstico oportuno fue realizado en menos de mitad en 60 por ciento de los casos. Fueron cinco en promedio las operaciones por paciente para su reconstrución. Cinco pacientes desarrollaron insuficiencia renal crónica. Se concluye que las malformaciones urológicas acompañantes representan una causa significativa de morbimortalidad. Se recomiendan la realización de ultrasonido renal y uretrocistograma en forma oportuna y la atención de estos pacientes en un centro especializado.